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KMID : 1172020210220010019
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Journal of Korean Bioethics Association
2021 Volume.22 No. 1 p.19 ~ p.35
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The Ethical and Legal Issues of Mitochondrial Manipulation Technique as Mitochondrial Replacement and Augmentation
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Kim Yulie
Moon Han-Nah
Choi Eun-Kyung
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Abstract
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Mitochondrial manipulation technique (MMT) is a technology applicable to women with mitochondrial diseases, which led to ethical debates such as "three-parent baby." The main part of ethical debates was whether MMT could be allowed to women with severe disease in terms of harm-benefit balance. Some authorities concluded that the ethical risks of MMT were acceptable, considering the severity of the disease. However, MMT can be applied to all women who have infertility with their old age as well. MMT is expected to increase the IVF success rate for these women by using other women's eggs by donation or using their own gametes.
This paper addresses the ethical and legal issues of MMT as a technique of mitochondrial replacement and mitochondrial augmentation. Receiving other women's mitochondrial donations and transplanting their mitochondria can lead to ethical controversies regarding the artificial generation of gametes and their therapeutic uses. Especially, mitochondrial donations can lead to combinations of three person's genes and increasing the demand for healthy eggs in young women. Both methods can bring controversies over whether 'artificial eggs' can be allowed in clinics by genetic modification. This study looks at ethical and legal issues that can be brought about by mitochondrial replacement and augmentation technologies and shows the challenges to be considered in Korean Bioethics and Safety Acts.
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KEYWORD
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Mitochondrial Manipulation Technique, Mitochondrial Replacement Technique, Mitochondrial Augmentation Technique, Three-parents Baby, Fertility Treatment, Artificial Gametes
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